ikhoyili ye-aluminium sheet iqhudelana nensimbi

Insimbi ibilokhu iyimpahla esemqoka ekwakhiweni kwezimoto.Kodwa njengoba umphakathi usufinyelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nezwi lokonga amandla liya likhuphuka, inqubomgomo kazwelonke yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ithanda ukuqina, abathengi baphinde babeke izidingo eziphakeme zokuphepha kwezimoto, okuphoqe abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuthi funa izinto zokwakha zezimoto ezinamandla nezilula. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi enamandla amakhulu kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumaphesenti acishe abe ngu-15 wesisindo semoto ngo-2020, ngokombiko wesikhungo sokucwaninga ngezimoto. Ngo-2040, lelo sabelo sizokwehla kancane kancane. cishe amaphesenti angu-5, lapho ezinye izinto ezingasindi zizoba nendawo ebhizinisini lezinto zezimoto.

Njengoba ingaphansi kwengxenye yesisindo nokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunempahla eluhlaza yensimbi, i-aluminium yake yaba usongo ensimbi yezimoto.Nokho, ngenxa yentengo ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ye-aluminium kanye nobunzima bokukhiqiza nokunakekela izinqubo, abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi bakhetha ukwenza kanjalo. buyisela insimbi evamile ngensimbi enamandla kakhulu ye-carbon. Ngakho-ke, umdlalo ophakathi kwensimbi ne-aluminium uyadlalwa.Engqungqutheleni yezimoto nezemvelo esanda kubanjwa, ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha abafana no-wang li, umcwaningi omkhulu we-baosteel Research Institute, u-zhu qiang, uprofesa ongusihlalo we-southern University of Science and Technology, U-Chen shuming, uprofesa wenyuvesi yase-jilin, i-zhang haitao njalo njalo uxoxe “ngomncintiswano wensimbi ne-aluminium” etafuleni eliyindilinga.

Insimbi inamandla amakhulu wokusebenzisa kanye nenzuzo yezindleko

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwensimbi yezimoto, insimbi yezimoto akuyona emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule umbono wabantu abaningi wensimbi ye-carbon ephansi, manje ipuleti lensimbi yezimoto liyancipha, kodwa amandla ensimbi nokumelana nokugqwala kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenselele entsha. izinto zokwakha, amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza insimbi athuthukisa ngenkuthalo insimbi engasindi futhi enamandla amakhulu engaqhudelana ne-aluminium alloy nezinye izinto zokwakha.Ngokwezibalo, ama-euro angama-212 nje ezindleko ezengeziwe ngemoto ngayinye yensimbi enamandla kakhulu edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuncipha kwesisindo nophethiloli. ukonga okungaba ngu-5%.

Siyini isimo samanje namandla okusebenza kwensimbi enamandla amakhulu emakethe yezimoto yaseChina? U-Wang li uhlaziye lokhu, wathi insimbi yezimoto zamanje emizamweni eqhubekayo yokunciphisa isisindo, "esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi, enye ye umnikelo insimbi enamandla aphezulu.Kule minyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu edlule, bekunephrojekthi eyiisa lapho i-baosteel ibibambe iqhaza khona. Uma izigayo zensimbi ziqhubeka nokusebenzisa insimbi ngokwakha izinto ezintsha, liyini ikhono lensimbi? Phakathi neminyaka eminingi kangaka yentuthuko, iseluleko sokugcina noma ubuchwepheshe embonini ye-auto, umuntu ukuthuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi eziphezulu zamandla namanje. endleleni, okwesibili ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokukhiqiza obuphambili, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sethula umqondo womjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele.Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kwemoto yomqondo kagesi, ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba kuze kufike ku-40%, ngamandla ensimbi anamandla aphezulu, angaphezu kuka-1000 mpa ka-40%, u-5% kuphela uyinsimbi ethambile, insimbi ngamandla aleli khono iseyinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa.

"Kusukela kudatha yokuthengiswa kwe-baosteel, imikhiqizo yaseChina yabalelwa ku-41% ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi enamandla kakhulu ngo-2017, kanti izimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-28 zaseYurophu, zaseJapane, zaseMelika naseKorea zathengiswa. Izinto ezihlinzekwa i-baosteel zisezingeni eliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izinga lethu lesilinganiso likazwelonke lizoba ngaphansi kancane kunaleli zinga.Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwensimbi enamandla amakhulu sifinyelela isilinganiso sama-42-45% kusuka kudatha yethu ngonyaka odlule, okufanele kube ngokuqhathaniswa. aphansi, futhi 60-70% phesheya. Lesi sikhala singamandla ethu.”

Umncintiswano phakathialuminium sheetkanye nensimbi, inzuzo evelele ye-aluminium ukuminyana okuphansi, nokuzuza ukwehlisa isisindo somzimba, ngokuhambisana nenaniokwensimbi, isidingo sokuzacisa ipuleti lensimbi. Nakuba amashidi ensimbi avamile ngokuvamile ewugqinsi oluphakathi kuka-0.7 no-0.75mm, amashidi anamuhla aqine kakhulu angu-0.65mm kuphela noma abe mancane kakhulu, futhi ibhonethi entsha ye-opel seferli ingu-0.6mm ubukhulu.

Ngokuka-wang li, “uma amandla adonsela phansi ensimbi athile engashintshiwe, isisindo singancishiswa kuphela sibe mncane, kodwa ukuminyana kungashintshwa. Manje sesinombono omusha okufanele siwenze, okuwukulungisa ukuminyana kwensimbi.Inzuzo ye-aluminium ukuminyana okuphansi, ukuncintisana ngezinga elithile ngingasebenzisa izinzuzo zakho ukuze ngilungise ukuminyana kwami.Siphakamise i-elastic modulus yensimbi. , futhi manje sekuselebhu.Iphuzu elilodwa engifuna ukulenza ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi insimbi ngokwayo ihlala ingashintshiwe ngesisekelo semboni yezimboni ekhona, kusenendawo enkulu yokusungula izinto ezintsha. Kusukela kulo mbono, insimbi isenawo amandla athile, kanye nesabelo sayo semakethe.Uma imoto ithengisa ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-200,000, izosebenzisa izinto zokwakha eziningi. Uma imoto idayisa ngo-100,000 yuan, isazosebenzisa insimbi.”

Kodwa inkinga yezindleko iphinde ibe enye impahla yokuthatha isikhundla somzimba oyinhloko wesizathu esiqinile sensimbi. U-Shu-ming Chen uthe, "ngaphansi kokuthambekela kokukhanya kwezimoto, nakuba manje wonke umuntu enza izinto ezilula, njenge-aluminium alloy, i-magnesium alloy nezinye. izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezingasindi, insimbi enamandla amakhulu noma endaweni eyinhloko yomzimba, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi izici eziyinhloko yizindleko, ngikholelwa ukuthi uma izindleko ze-carbon fiber, i-carbon fiber izothatha indawo okungenzeka, akunakwenzeka, ukhiye manje ubiza izindleko. iphakeme kakhulu, insimbi njengamanje inenzuzo enkulu yezindleko.”

Ngaphezu kwezindleko, ngaphakathi kwebanga lamandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo, inqubo enhle nelula yokwakha ibuye ibe isizathu esenza kube nzima ukushintshwa insimbi.” Ngokombono wentuthuko, amandla ensimbi emoto hhayi phezulu kakhulu. I-1000 mpa yanele.Insimbi yamandla aphezulu manje ngokuyinhloko i-carbon yokuqinisa, abaningi benze i-2200 mpa, kodwa ngaphezu kuka-2200 mpa, izokhiqiza ukuguqulwa, noma i-2200-2500 mpa carbon ukuze iqinise ngokuyisisekelo akunakwenzeka."Ngikholelwa ukuthi le nsimbi izoba nayo. ezinye izinto zokuthatha indawo yekhabhoni, amandla azoba phezulu nangaphezulu, kodwa akusetshenziswanga emotweni, angasetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ezinamandla amakhulu.Ezimotweni, sinokukhethwa okubanzi kwensimbi ngaphansi kwe-1000 mpa, ephansi. izindleko kanye nenqubo enhle kakhulu yokwakha, ngakho-ke kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukushintsha insimbi ezweni lethu okwesikhashana. ”

Futhi kusukela kuzakhiwo zensimbi ngokwayo, inokulungiswa okuhle.U-Zhu qiang waveza ukuthi insimbi ngokwayo enokuguqulwa kwesigaba inezinzuzo ezithile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.”Ngensimbi yezimoto, ngenxa yokuthi insimbi inoshintsho lwesigaba, uma ishayisa umgodi, ingalungiswa kalula, okuyinto enzima kakhulu kuma-composites noma i-aluminium.Isibonelo, i-aluminium alloy composite material, uma umgodi uphukile, ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo kuyisiqephu esiphelele sokushintshwa, izindleko nazo ziphezulu, lokhu ubuthakathaka i-aluminium ngokwayo uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi.

Ingxube ye-aluminiumisikhathi sokuthuthuka esihlangabezene naso ngaphambi kweMpisi ngemuva kwengwe

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi kudinga amakhilogremu angu-725 ensimbi nensimbi ekhonjiwe kanye namakhilogremu angu-350 ensimbi egxiviziwe ukwenza imoto ephakathi nendawo. Ngokuphambene, isisindo se-aluminium emotweni yaseYurophu sikhuphuke sisuka ku-50kg ngo-1990 saya ku-131.5kg ngo-2005, iningi lisasetshenziswa ezinjinini zangaphakathi nama-cylinder blocks kanye nasekukhuphukeni.I-Aluminium ibuye idume ezimotweni ngoba ingaphansi kwengxenye yesisindo sensimbi, into esetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunensimbi.

Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium alloy ukwenza umzimba wemodeli kuye kwaba okuningi.Kusukela yazalwa ngo-1994, i-audi A8 yamukele uhlaka lwesakhiwo somzimba we-aluminium yonke indawo, futhi i-Model S yathuthukiswa futhi yenziwa ngu-tesla. futhi yamukela umzimba we-aluminiyamu yonke.Ngemva komugqa wokukhiqiza wonke we-aluminium we-cherry jaguar land rover e-changshu, isifundazwe sase-Jiangsu safakwa ekukhiqizeni,imoto yokuqala yasekhaya, i-jaguar XFL aluminium alloy alloy application entsha izinga lokusebenzisa izinga lifinyelele ku-75%.I-nobelis RC5754 high-strength aluminium alloy esetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba we-jaguar XFL inesivuno esingu-105-145 Mpa, amandla aqinile angu-220 Mpa. , nokusebenza okuhle emandleni, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuxhumana nezinga lokubumba.

"Manje i-aluminium iyanda futhi isetshenziselwa izimoto, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ze-chassis, ngaphezu komzimba, manje izimoto eziningi ziyaqhubeka nokuhamba kulo mgwaqo. Kunezinkinga ezithile ngohlaka lwe-aluminium yonke, kodwa ziyalungiswa. .”UZhang haitao, umcwaningi wasenyuvesi yasesoochow, wathi, “kungani kufanele usebenzise amafreyimu e-aluminium yonke? iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukugoba kwe-aluminium nokuqina kwe-torsional kungcono kunensimbi.

Ukwengeza, i-aluminium inokutholwa okungcono kwezinsiza kanye nomjikelezo wempilo omude kune-steel.U-Zhu qiang uthe, "izinga lokulahlekelwa kabusha kwe-aluminium lingamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela. Uma insimbi igqwalile, kunzima kakhulu ukuyibuyisela. Ama-aluminium alloys anezinzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Uma amasondo ane-aluminium, manje sesivumelana ukuthi amasondo e-aluminium alloy kumele abe ngcono kunensimbi, ngoba insimbi kulula ukuyithinta ukugqwala, i-aluminium alloy scraping ayinandaba, le nsimbi yokusebenza ayikho indlela yokuqhathanisa, ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela yengxube ye-aluminium kulokhu kunenzuzo eyingqayizivele.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wempilo ende nawo ubalulekile embonini yezimoto, futhi yonke imikhiqizo kufanele iklanywe kucatshangwa ngomjikelezo wempilo ende. I-Aluminium nayo inenzuzo kulokhu. ”

UZhu qiang uphinde waveza ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-aluminium alloy kuyinkimbinkimbi, indlela yokuvuselela ukuhlukaniswa kuyinkinga. ehlukene, kuthatha umzamo omkhulu ukuwaxhuma, futhi kuthatha umzamo omkhulu ukuwahlukanisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza kahle kokutakula akuphakeme, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, akulula ukuphatha.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkinga eziningi ezihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwe-aluminium, njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, ukuvuselelwa okuhle kwe-aluminium kungasetshenziswa. ukwenza okuthile okungabalulekile, obekungaba kuhle kugcine kunenani eliphansi.”

Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zokukhathala zezinto zokwakha, i-aluminium iyingozi kakhulu kunensimbi, futhi ukucubungula kulinganiselwe. izinto zokwakha.Umthamo we-aluminium oxidation unamandla kakhulu, lezi zinkinga zinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokukhathala kwezingxenye, kulula kakhulu ukungahambi kahle.Insimbi ayifaki oxidize kakhulu futhi ukukhubazeka kwayo kunomthelela omncane ekusebenzeni kokukhathala."Zhu qiang wathi, “ngokwakha kuphela angeke kube yizingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukubumba kufanele kucutshungulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqamba, noma ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo noma ukucutshungulwa kabusha. Nokho, uma ingaphezulu lengxubevange ye-aluminium selilimele, ukusebenza kokukhathala kuzokwehla, futhi izindleko zizophinde zikhuphuke.Lezi yizinkinga ingxubevange ye-aluminium okudingeka inqobe, futhi kungenzeka ukushintshwa kwensimbi ngemva kokuxazulula lezi zinkinga.”

Ku-chassis yezimoto, i-aluminium ishintshile enye insimbi, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bensimbi, insimbi ye-chassis yethule izixazululo ezintsha. thina manje kuya ku-780 mpa manje singakwazi ukwenza ingalo yensimbi engunxantathu, ingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-10 isisindo kune-aluminium, izindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Kukhona futhi ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasondo amabili anzima kakhulu, futhi manje sesenze ubuchwepheshe obusha obunciphisa isisindo ngamaphesenti angu-40 futhi ixazulula inkinga yokugqwala ngokusebenzisa ama-coatings, nensimbingokwako kuyathuthuka.Manje insimbi ne-aluminium ziyaqhudelana ukuze ziqhakambisene, ngakho kunezinye izinketho zezinkampani zezimoto, kanjalo nentuthuko.”

Eqinisweni, i-aluminium yamanje yezimoto ingene esiteji ngaphambi kwe-Wolf ngemva kwe-tiger.Abakhiqizi bensimbi bangaphambili ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza, manje insimbi ngaphandle kwe-nickel ingafinyelela ukugqwala, kuyilapho i-alloy magnesium yokugcina, i-carbon fiber nezinye izinto ezinezindleko eziphansi. kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, kuye kwaba nomthelela emakethe ye-aluminium. Zhu qiang waveza, "ingxube ye-aluminium ukwenza kahle ingaba ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, ngoba insimbi ibilokhu yenza iminyaka eminingi ukuyibuyisela kunzima, i-aluminium kumele ibe yizimboni njengoba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngeke kuthathelwe indawo kalula kamuva, izinselele zamanje ze-aluminium yezimoto kanye namathuba akhona akhona.

Insimbi - i-aluminium hybrid body structure iwumkhuba

Njengamanje, onjiniyela abaningi abakhiqiza izimoto banaka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-hybrid yezinto ezingasindi. Ukugxila kwabo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni akukhona kuphela esilinganisweni esithile sensimbi yezimoto ne-aluminium, kodwa nasekuhlanganiseni izinto ezihlukahlukene ngendlela efanele. Ngonyaka odlule embukisweni wezimoto waseFrankfurt e-audi A8 entsha bekuwuhlobo lohlaka lwesikhala lwe-audi oluphelele. isakhiwo somzimba emisha nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ishiywe i-audi ibilokhu iziqhenya ngawo wonke umzimba we-aluminium, i-aluminium ingxube ye-slope ukuya ku-58%, ngaphezu kobunikazi, emzimbeni wezinto ezibonakalayo wengeze izinto ezihlanganisiwe, umzimba cishe u-51 kilogram. Isinda kunemodeli yemali, ngamamodeli ekheshi A8 angama-236 kg “isisindo esiphambene kuya ku-282 kg.

Isizukulwane esisha se-audi A8 sisebenzisa ingxubevange ye-aluminium ukwakha uhlaka oluphelele lomzimba. Ukuqinisekisa amandla esakhiwo, ama-aluminium castings asetshenziswa emalungeni ayisihluthulelo kanye nezingxenye zensimbi zeshidi zisetshenziswa ebusweni bomzimba.Esakhiweni sekheji lomzimba, inani elikhulu lensimbi eshisayo eyakha ingxubevange yensimbi ephezulu kakhulu, engaphezulu kakhulu kuneyamanje. Insimbi enamandla angu-A8 kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwekholomu B, impahla yensimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye neminyaka engu-20 edlule uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi, ukuqina kukhuphuke izikhathi ezingu-5, isisindo sehliswe ngo-40%.Ingxube ye-Magnesium yengezwa esakhiweni somzimba, kanye ne-CFRP carbon fiber impahla ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa ngemuva kwemoto, okunciphisa isisindo somzimba kusuka kumininingwane efana nephaneli elingemuva.

“Ngokuzayo kuzosetshenziswa kakhulu i-aluminiyamu kuyo yonke imoto, kube nenqwaba yemizimba exubile. Isibonelo, umzimba we-aluminium we-audi A8 nawo uqala ukwenza imizimba ye-hybrid, futhi manje izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezifuywayo zilandela i-suit.Inkinga enkulu ngokuxhunywa kwensimbi ne-aluminium ukumelana nokugqwala, nge-gluing, nge-tether, ngaphandle kwe-welding.Umzimba ongaphezulu wenziwa okwensimbi nomzimba ongezansi wenziwe nge-aluminium.Isibonelo, ifreyimu yefasitela yemoto yaseBeijing yenziwe ngensimbi phezulu ne-aluminium phansi.Akukona ukuthi insimbi yimbi, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kuthembisa kakhulu ukuxuba insimbi ne-aluminium. "Kusho uZhang haitao.

Mayelana nalokhu, u-wang li uphinde waveza ukuthi empeleni, ekuqaleni kwawo-1940 lapho kunomncintiswano wensimbi ne-aluminium, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthuthukiswa, manje izinto zezimoto sezifinyelele ukuvumelana okuthile, yizinto ezifanele ezisetshenziswa endaweni efanele. .Futhi insimbi ngokwayo ithuthuka ngokushesha, ngakho kokubili ukuncintisana kanye nokubambisana.Futhi lo mncintiswano unenzuzo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi ezimoto, ngoba ukuba khona kokuncintisana kwamabhizinisi ezimoto kungaba nokukhetha okwengeziwe.Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, izimoto ezintsha ezinamandla zingase zibe neziningi izidingo ze-lightweight.

Isu “lemikhiqizo ezimele kumele ibe nesisindo esincane, insimbi enhle namandla ayo ayikakabi mancane, ngokusebenzisa amabhrendi ahlanganyelwe anenani lensimbi enamandla aphezulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzuza u-10% wokuncipha kwesisindo somzimba omhlophe, ngokusebenzisa imizamo yezinye izimoto ukwehla 7% 8% kungenzeka, ungubaniingxenye yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ingazuza umzimba ngaphandle koshintsho olungaphezu kuka-10%.” “Ngobunye ubuchwepheshe obusha namasu, kungafinyelelwa ukuncipha kwesisindo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20. Sihlaziye izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yethu siqu, kanye namandla kusekuhle. Igebe liyisisusa sethu