Imodoka ya gari ya moshi yihuta irasudwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya aluminium. Imirongo ya gari ya moshi yihuta inyura mu turere dukonje hamwe n'ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 30 kugeza 40. Ibikoresho bimwe, ibikoresho, nibikoresho bizima kumato yubushakashatsi bwa Antaragitika bikozwe mubikoresho bya aluminiyumu kandi bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 60 kugeza kuri 70. Amato atwara imizigo y'Abashinwa ava muri Arctique yerekeza mu Burayi nayo akoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikozwe mu bikoresho bya aluminiyumu, kandi bimwe muri byo bikaba bifite ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 50 kugeza kuri 60. Bashobora gukora mubisanzwe mubukonje bukabije? Ntakibazo, aluminiyumu nibikoresho bya aluminiyumu ntibitinya ubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe.

Aluminium na aluminiyumu nibikoresho byiza cyane byo hasi. Ntibagaragaza ubushyuhe buke bwubushyuhe nkicyuma gisanzwe cyangwa nikel isanzwe, byerekana kugabanuka gukomeye kwingufu no guhindagurika mubushyuhe buke. Nyamara, aluminium na aluminiyumu biratandukanye. Ntabwo bagaragaza ibimenyetso byubushyuhe buke. Ibikoresho byabo byose byiyongera cyane uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Ibi ntibigenga kubigize ibikoresho, byaba ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu cyangwa ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu, ifu ya metallurgie, cyangwa ibikoresho. Irigenga kandi uko ibintu bimeze, haba muburyo butunganijwe cyangwa nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ntaho bihuriye nigikorwa cyo gutegura ingot, cyaba cyarakozwe mugukina no kuzunguruka cyangwa gukomeza guterana no kuzunguruka. Ntaho bihuriye nuburyo bwo gukuramo aluminium, harimo electrolysis, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa karubone, no gukuramo imiti. Ibi bireba urwego rwose rwubuziranenge, uhereye kuri aluminiyumu itunganijwe hamwe na 99,50% kugeza kuri 99,79%, aluminiyumu yera cyane hamwe na 99,80% kugeza kuri 99.949%, aluminiyumu yuzuye cyane na 99.950% kugeza kuri 99,9959%, ​​aluminium yuzuye cyane na 99,9960% kugeza kuri 99,9990% byera, na ultra-hejuru-yera-aluminium ifite ubuziranenge burenga 99,9990%. Igishimishije, ibindi byuma bibiri byoroheje, magnesium na titanium, nabyo ntibigaragaza ubushyuhe buke.

Imiterere yubukorikori bwa aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane muri gari ya moshi yihuta kandi isano ifitanye nubushyuhe irerekanwa mumbonerahamwe ikurikira.

Imodoka ya gari ya moshi yihuta ikoresha ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu nka Al-Mg ikurikirana ya 5005 isahani, ibyapa 5052, ibyapa 5083, hamwe na profile; Al-Mg-Si urukurikirane rwa 6061 amasahani hamwe nibisobanuro, 6N01 imyirondoro, 6063 imyirondoro; Al-Zn-Mg ikurikirana 7N01 isahani hamwe nibisobanuro, 7003 imyirondoro. Baza muburyo busanzwe: O, H14, H18, H112, T4, T5, T6.

Duhereye ku makuru ari mu mbonerahamwe, biragaragara ko imiterere ya mashini ya aluminiyumu yiyongera uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Kubwibyo, aluminiyumu ni ibikoresho byiza byubushyuhe buke bikwiriye gukoreshwa muri roketi yubushyuhe bwo hasi (hydrogène hydrogène, ogisijeni y’amazi), amato ya gaze ya gaze (LNG) amato atwara hamwe n’ibigega byo ku nkombe, ibikoresho bikomoka ku miti y’ubushyuhe buke, ububiko bukonje , amakamyo akonjesha, nibindi byinshi.

Ibigize imiterere ya gari ya moshi yihuta ikorera kwisi, harimo ubwikorezi hamwe na lokomoteri, byose birashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe amavuta ya aluminiyumu. Ntibikenewe ko dukora ubushakashatsi bushya bwa aluminiyumu yububiko bwimodoka ikorera mukarere gakonje. Ariko, niba umusemburo mushya wa 6XXX ufite imikorere igera kuri 10% hejuru ya 6061 ivanze cyangwa 7XXX ivanze hamwe nibikorwa rusange hafi 8% hejuru ya 7N01 ivanze bishobora gutezwa imbere, ibyo byaba ari ibintu byiza byagezweho.

Ibikurikira, reka tuganire kubyerekezo byiterambere byimodoka ya aluminiyumu.

Ku murongogukora ubukode no gufata neza imodoka za gari ya moshi, amasahani avanze nka 5052, 5083, 5454, na 6061 arakoreshwa, hamwe na profili zasohotse nka 5083, 6061, na 7N01. Amavuta mashya amwe nka 5059, 5383, na 6082 nayo arakoreshwa. Byose byerekana gusudira neza, hamwe ninsinga zo gusudira mubisanzwe ni 5356 cyangwa 5556. Birumvikana ko guterana amagambo yo gusudira (FSW) nuburyo bwatoranijwe, kuko ntabwo butanga ubuziranenge bwo gusudira gusa ahubwo binakuraho gukenera insinga. Ubuyapani 7N01 buvanze, hamwe na Mn 0.200.7%, Mg 1.02.0%, na Zn 4.0 ~ 5.0% (byose muri%), basanze bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibinyabiziga bya gari ya moshi. Ubudage bwakoresheje amasahani ya 5005 kugira ngo butange akayira kegereye imodoka yihuta ya Trans Rapid kandi ikoresha 6061, 6063, na 6005 yo kuvanga imyirondoro. Muri make, kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byakomeje gukurikiza aya mavuta yo gukora gari ya moshi yihuta.

Amavuta ya Aluminiyumu yo gutwara kuri 200km / h ~ 350km / h

Turashobora gutondekanya ibinyabiziga bya aluminiyumu dukurikije umuvuduko wa gari ya moshi. Amavuta yo mu gisekuru cya mbere akoreshwa ku binyabiziga bifite umuvuduko uri munsi ya 200km / h kandi ni ibisanzwe bisanzwe bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora amamodoka ya gari ya moshi yo mu mijyi, nka 6063, 6061, na 5083. Ibisekuru bya kabiri bya aluminiyumu nka 6N01, 5005, 6005A, 7003, na 7005 bikoreshwa mugukora amamodoka ya gari ya moshi yihuta ifite umuvuduko uri hagati ya 200km / h kugeza 350km / h. Igisekuru cya gatatu kivanze kirimo 6082 hamwe na scandium irimo aluminiyumu.

Scandium-irimo Aluminiyumu

Scandium nimwe mubitunganya ingano nziza kuri aluminium kandi ifatwa nkikintu cyingenzi mugutezimbere imitunganyirize ya aluminium. Ubusanzwe Scandium iri munsi ya 0.5% muri aluminiyumu, kandi ibinyobwa birimo scandium hamwe byitwa aluminium-scandium alloys (Al-Sc alloys). Al-Sc ibinyobwa bitanga ibyiza nkimbaraga nyinshi, guhindagurika neza, gusudira neza, no kurwanya ruswa. Zikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, birimo amato, ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere, reaction, nibikoresho byo kwirwanaho, bigatuma bakora ibisekuru bishya bya aluminiyumu ikwiranye n’imodoka za gari ya moshi.

Aluminium

Gariyamoshi yihuta irangwa no kwikorera imitwaro yoroheje, kwihuta no kwihuta, hamwe nibikorwa biremereye, bisaba imiterere yimodoka kuba yoroheje bishoboka mugihe yujuje imbaraga, ubukana, umutekano, nibisabwa neza. Ikigaragara ni uko ultra-yumucyo ya aluminiyumu ifuro imbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus yihariye, hamwe nibiranga damping bihuye nibisabwa. Ubushakashatsi n’amahanga no gusuzuma ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya aluminiyumu muri gari ya moshi yihuta byagaragaje ko ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byuzuye ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingufu za 35% kugeza kuri 40% kuruta imiyoboro irimo ubusa ndetse no kwiyongera kwa 40% kugeza kuri 50%. Ibi bituma inkingi yimodoka hamwe nibice bikomera kandi ntibishobora gusenyuka. Gukoresha aluminiyumu ifata imbaraga mu kwinjiza ingufu za lokomoteri imbere ya buffer byongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ingaruka. Ikibaho cya sandwich gikozwe muri 10mm yububiko bwa aluminiyumu hamwe nimpapuro zoroshye za aluminiyumu biroroshye 50% kuruta ibyuma byumwimerere mugihe byongera ubukana inshuro 8.