urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu irushanwa nicyuma

Ibyuma byahoze ari ibikoresho byingenzi mu gukora amamodoka.Ariko hamwe na societe yo kurengera ibidukikije nijwi rizigama ingufu bigenda byiyongera, politiki yigihugu yo gukoresha lisansi ikunda gukaza umurego, abaguzi nabo bashyira hejuru ibisabwa kugirango umutekano wibinyabiziga uhindurwe. shakisha ibikoresho byubaka ibinyabiziga bikomeye kandi byoroheje. Biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa ry’icyuma gikomeye cyane rizagera ku gipimo cya 15 ku ijana by’ibiro by’ibinyabiziga bitarenze 2020, nk'uko raporo y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imodoka ibivuga. Kuva 2040, uwo mugabane uzagenda ugabanuka buhoro buhoro hafi 5 ku ijana, mugihe ibindi bikoresho byoroheje bizagira umwanya mubucuruzi bwimodoka.

Hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyibiro hamwe no kurwanya ruswa neza kuruta ibikoresho byibyuma, aluminiyumu yigeze gutera ubwoba ibyuma byimodoka.Nyamara, bitewe nigiciro kiri hejuru ya aluminium ningorabahizi mubikorwa byo kuyitunganya no kuyitunganya, abakora amamodoka menshi bahitamo gusimbuza ibyuma bisanzwe hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye za karubone. Kubwibyo, umukino uhuza ibyuma na aluminiyumu urakinishwa.Mu ihuriro ry’imodoka n’ibidukikije ryakozwe vuba aha, impuguke mu nganda nka wang li, umushakashatsi mukuru w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya baosteel, zhu qiang, umuyobozi w’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu majyepfo, Chen shuming, umwarimu wa kaminuza ya jilin, zhang haitao nibindi baganiriye ku "marushanwa y'ibyuma na aluminium" kumeza.

Icyuma gifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukoresha hamwe nigiciro cyibiciro

Hamwe niterambere ryikomeza ryicyuma cyimodoka, ibyuma byimodoka ntabwo mumyaka mike ishize ishize abantu benshi batekereza ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, ubu icyuma cyimodoka kiragabanuka, ariko imbaraga zicyuma hamwe no kurwanya ruswa byateye imbere cyane.Mu rwego rwo guhangana nikibazo gishya ibikoresho, inganda nyinshi zitanga ibyuma biteza imbere cyane ibyuma byoroheje kandi bifite imbaraga nyinshi zishobora guhangana na aluminiyumu hamwe nibindi bikoresho. Dukurikije imibare, hakenewe amayero 212 gusa yikiguzi cyikinyabiziga kuri buri cyuma kugirango ibyuma bigabanuke kandi bigabanuke kuzigama hafi 5%.

Ni ubuhe buryo bugezweho ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibyuma bifite ingufu nyinshi ku isoko ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa? Wang li yabisesenguye, yavuze ko ibyuma by’imodoka biriho ubu mu bikorwa byo gukomeza kugabanya ibiro, “byakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryinshi, kimwe muri byo Umusanzu nicyuma gikomeye.Mu myaka 20 ishize cyangwa irenga, habaye umushinga wa iisa baosteel yitabiriye. Niba uruganda rukora ibyuma rukomeje gukoresha ibyuma biteza imbere ibikoresho bishya, ni ubuhe bushobozi bwibyuma? Binyuze mumyaka myinshi yiterambere, inama yanyuma cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryanyuma kumodoka, imwe nugutezimbere ibyuma bitandukanye byimbaraga zikomeye biracyariho munzira, icya kabiri nugutezimbere tekinoroji yubuhanga ikora cyane, kandi mugihe kimwe yatangije igitekerezo cyubuzima bwuzuye.Urugero, iterambere rigezweho ryimodoka yamashanyarazi, kugabanya ibiro kumubiri kugera kuri 40%, hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye ibyuma birarenze, hejuru ya 1000 mpa ya 40%, 5% gusa ni ibyuma byoroshye, ibyuma binyuze mumbaraga zubu bushobozi biracyari binini.

Ati: “Duhereye ku mibare yagurishijwe ya baosteel, ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byigenga byinjije 41% by'icyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu 2017, kandi haragurishijwe imodoka zirenga miliyoni 28 z’Abanyaburayi, Abayapani, Abanyamerika na Koreya. Ibikoresho byatanzwe na baosteel birasa murwego rwohejuru, kandi urwego rwigihugu rwikigereranyo ruzaba munsi gato kururu rwego.Ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha ibyuma bikomeye bigera ku kigereranyo cya 42-45% uhereye kumibare yacu umwaka ushize, bigomba kuba bisa hasi, na 60-70% mumahanga. Iki cyuho ni ubushobozi bwacu. ”

Amarushanwa hagatiurupapuro rwa aluminiumn'ibyuma, ibyiza bya aluminiyumu ni ubucucike buke, no kugera kugabanya ibiro, ukurikije igipimoy'ibyuma, gukenera kunanura isahani y'icyuma. Mugihe impapuro zisanzwe zisanzwe ziri hagati ya 0,7 na 0,75mm z'ubugari, amabati ya super-power yumunsi afite 0,65mm gusa cyangwa yoroheje, naho bonne nshya ya opel seferli ifite uburebure bwa 0,6mm.

Nk’uko wang li abivuga, “niba uburemere bwihariye bw'ibyuma budahindutse, uburemere burashobora kugabanuka gusa, ariko ubucucike burashobora guhinduka. Noneho dufite igitekerezo gishya cyo gukora, aricyo guhindura ubwinshi bwibyuma.Icyiza cya aluminium nubucucike buke, irushanwa kurwego runaka nshobora gukoresha ibyiza byawe kugirango mpindure ubucucike bwanjye.Twazamuye modulus ya elastike yicyuma , kandi ubu biri muri laboratoire. Ikintu kimwe nshaka kuvuga nuko burya kubera ko ibyuma ubwabyo bidahinduka hashingiwe ku nganda zisanzweho, haracyari ibyumba byinshi byo guhanga udushya. Dufatiye kuri iyi ngingo, ibyuma biracyafite imbaraga, kimwe nisoko ryabyo.Niba imodoka igurishijwe amafaranga arenga 200.000, izakoresha ibikoresho byinshi. Niba imodoka igurishijwe 100.000, bizakomeza gukoresha ibyuma. ”

Ariko ikibazo cyibiciro nacyo gihinduka ibindi bikoresho kugirango bisimbuze umubiri wingenzi wibyuma bitoroshye.Shu-ming Chen yagize ati: "ukurikije uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byoroheje, nubwo ubu abantu bose bakora ibikoresho byoroheje, nka aluminiyumu, magnesium nibindi nibindi ibikoresho byoroheje byoroheje, ibyuma byimbaraga nyinshi cyangwa mumwanya wingenzi wumubiri, ariko ntekereza ko ibintu nyamukuru ari ikiguzi, nizera ko niba ikiguzi cya fibre karubone, fibre karubone izasimbuza ibishoboka, ntibishoboka, urufunguzo ubu ikiguzi ni muremure cyane, ibyuma muri iki gihe nabyo bifite inyungu nini cyane. ”

Usibye ikiguzi, mu mbaraga zingana kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa, inzira nziza kandi yoroshye yo gukora nayo iba impamvu ituma ibyuma bigorana gusimburwa. "Dufatiye ku iterambere, imbaraga z'icyuma ku modoka ni ntabwo ari hejuru cyane. 1000 mpa irahagije.Icyuma gikomeye cyane ubu ni karubone kugirango ishimangire, benshi bakoze 2200 mpa, ariko hejuru ya 2200 mpa, bizatanga mutation, cyangwa 2200-2500 mpa karubone kugirango bikomeze bidashoboka. "Ndizera ko ibyuma rwose bizagira ibindi bikoresho byo gusimbuza karubone, imbaraga zizaba nyinshi kandi zisumba izindi, ariko ntabwo byanze bikunze zikoreshwa mumodoka, irashobora gukoreshwa mubindi bice byimbaraga nyinshi.Ku modoka, dufite guhitamo kwinshi kwicyuma munsi ya 1000 mpa, hasi igiciro kandi ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukora, bityo bizagorana cyane gusimbuza ibyuma mu gihugu cyacu igihe gito. ”

Kandi uhereye kumiterere yibyuma ubwabyo, bifite gusana neza.Zhu qiang yerekanye ko ibyuma ubwabyo hamwe ninzibacyuho ifite inyungu zimwe mubisabwa. "Kubyuma byimodoka, kuko ibyuma bifite inzibacyuho, iyo ikubise umwobo, irashobora gusanwa byoroshye, ibyo bikaba bigoye kubihimbano cyangwa aluminium.Urugero, ibikoresho bya aluminium alloy, niba umwobo wacitse, gusana shingiro nigice cyose cyo gusimbuza, ikiguzi nacyo kiri hejuru, iyi niyo ntege ya aluminiyumu ubwayo ugereranije nicyuma.

Aluminiumigihe cyiterambere cyahuye na mbere yimpyisi nyuma yingwe

Imibare irerekana ko bisaba ibiro 725 byibyuma hamwe nicyuma hamwe na kilo 350 yicyuma cyashyizweho kashe kugirango ugereranye imodoka yo hagati. Hagati aho, uburemere bwa aluminium mumodoka yuburayi bwiyongereye buva kuri 50kg muri 1990 bugera kuri 131.5kg muri 2005, hamwe ibyinshi biracyakoreshwa muma moteri imbere na silinderi no kuzamuka.Aluminium nayo irazwi mumodoka kuko itarenze kimwe cya kabiri cyuburemere bwicyuma, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma, kandi bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kuruta ibyuma.

Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu kugira ngo umubiri w’icyitegererezo ube mwinshi. Kuva yavuka mu 1994, audi A8 yakoresheje imiterere yumubiri wa aluminiyumu, kandi Model S yatejwe imbere kandi ikorwa na tesla. ifata kandi umubiri wa aluminium yose.Nyuma yumurongo wa aluminiyumu yumusaruro wa chery jaguar land rover muri changshu, intara ya jiangsu yashyizwe mubikorwa,imodoka yambere yo murugo, jaguar XFL nshya ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mubikoresho byageze kuri 75% .Icyubahiro cya nobelis RC5754 aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi byumubiri wa jaguar XFL ifite umusaruro wa 105-145 Mpa, imbaraga zingana na 220 Mpa , hamwe nibikorwa byiza mumbaraga, kurwanya ruswa, guhuza no kugereranya igipimo.

Ati: “Ubu aluminiyumu ninshi ikoreshwa mu modoka, cyane cyane ku bice bya chassis, usibye umubiri, ubu imodoka nyinshi zikomeje kugenda muri uyu muhanda. Hariho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bya aluminiyumu, ariko birakorwa. " ni binini cyane, kandi aluminium yunamye hamwe na torsional gukomera biruta ibyuma.

Byongeye kandi, aluminiyumu ifite umutungo mwiza wo kugarura no kuramba kuruta ibyuma.Zhu qiang yagize ati: "igipimo cyo gutakaza aluminium ni 5 kugeza 10% gusa. Niba ibyuma byangiritse, biragoye cyane gukira. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu afite ibyiza mugihe kirekire.Niba ibiziga bifite aluminium, ubu dufite ubwumvikane ko ibiziga bya aluminiyumu bigomba kuba byiza kuruta ibyuma, kuko ibyuma byoroshye gukoraho ingese, gukuramo aluminiyumu ntacyo bitwaye, ibyuma bikora ntabwo ari inzira yo kugereranya, aluminium alloy ikora muri urwo rwego ifite inyungu zidasanzwe. "Byongeye kandi, ubuzima burebure nabwo ni ingenzi ku nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, kandi buri gicuruzwa kigomba kuba cyarakozwe mu gihe kirekire. Aluminium nayo ifite akarusho muri urwo rwego. ”

Zhu qiang yerekanye kandi ko ibice bya aluminiyumu bigoye cyane, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibyiciro nabyo ni ikibazo. ”Urugero, kubijyanye no gupfa, ibyapa byombi ntibishobora gukoreshwa hamwe, bigomba kuba gutandukana, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kugirango ubihuze, kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kubitandukanya. Ku ruhande rumwe, imikorere yo kugarura ntabwo iri hejuru, kandi kurundi ruhande, ntabwo byoroshye kuyicunga. Byongeye kandi, hari ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano no gutunganya aluminium, nko kugabanya imikoreshereze, gukoresha aluminiyumu nziza birashobora gukoreshwa gukora ikintu kidafite akamaro, icyari kuba cyiza cyarangirana n'agaciro gake. ”

Ku bijyanye n'umunaniro w'ibikoresho, aluminiyumu ishobora guteza ibyago kuruta ibyuma, kandi gutunganya ni bike. ”Imikorere y'umunaniro w'ibice by'ingenzi bigize ibinyabiziga ntigenzurwa gusa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho ubwabyo, ahubwo inagenzurwa n'inenge za ibikoresho.Ubushobozi bwa okiside ya Aluminium irakomeye cyane, izo nenge zigira ingaruka nini cyane kumikorere yumunaniro wibigize, byoroshye kugenda nabi.Steel ntishobora okiside cyane kandi inenge zayo zigira ingaruka nke kumikorere yumunaniro. "Zhu qiang yagize ati, "gusa hamwe no guhimba ntibishobora kuba ibintu bigoye, guhimba bigomba gutunganywa, bitabaye ibyo ntibishobora gukenera igishushanyo mbonera. Muri rusange, hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo guhimba, haba kureka uburyo bwiza bwo gukora cyangwa gusubiramo. Icyakora, ubuso bwa aluminiyumu nibumara kwangirika, imikorere yumunaniro izagabanuka, kandi ibiciro bizongera kwiyongera.Ibyo ni ibibazo amavuta ya aluminiyumu agomba gutsinda, kandi birashoboka gusimbuza ibyuma nyuma yo gukemura ibyo bibazo. ”

Muri chassis yimodoka, aluminium yasimbuye ibyuma bimwe na bimwe, ariko mumyaka yashize hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryicyuma, ibyuma bya chassis byatanze ibisubizo bishya.Zhu qiang yagize ati: "ubu chassis hamwe nicyuma, twateje imbere tekinoloji nyinshi, imwe ni ukuboko, ubu kugeza kuri 780 mpa ubu dushobora gukora ibyuma bya mpandeshatu yicyuma, ntabwo iremereye munsi ya 10% kurenza aluminium, igiciro gito cyane.Hariho kandi guhuza ibiziga byombi biremereye cyane, none twateje imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya rigabanya uburemere kuri 40 ku ijana kandi bikemura ikibazo cyo kwangirika ukoresheje impuzu, hamwe nicyumaubwayo iratera imbere. Ubu ibyuma na aluminiyumu birahatanira kumenyekanisha, bityo hakaba hari amahitamo menshi ku masosiyete atwara imodoka, bityo iterambere. ”

Mubyukuri, aluminiyumu yimodoka yinjiye muri stade mbere yimpyisi nyuma yingwe. Abahoze bakora ibyuma binyuze mugukomeza kunoza imikorere, ubu ibyuma bitagira nikel birashobora kugera kungese, mugihe magnesium ya nyuma, fibre karubone nibindi bikoresho bifite igiciro gito no kunoza imikorere, byagize ingaruka ku isoko rya aluminium.Zhu qiang yagize ati: "aluminiyumu ikora neza irashobora kwihuta gusa, kuko ibyuma bimaze imyaka myinshi ikora kugirango bisimburwe biragoye, aluminium igomba kuba inganda nkuko vuba bishoboka, ntabwo bizasimburwa byoroshye nyuma, ibibazo bya aluminium yimodoka hamwe namahirwe arahari.

Icyuma - imiterere yumubiri wa aluminium niyo nzira

Kugeza ubu, abahinguzi benshi kandi benshi bakora ibinyabiziga bitondera cyane kuvanga ibikoresho byoroheje. Ubushakashatsi bwabo hamwe niterambere ryabo ntabwo bishingiye gusa ku kigereranyo cyihariye cy’imodoka na aluminiyumu, ahubwo ni no ku buryo bwo kuvanga ibikoresho bitandukanye.Umwaka ushize kuri Frankfurt yerekanwe bwa mbere kuri Audi nshya A8 yabaye iy'umwanya wa aluminium ya aluminium imiterere yimiterere yikoranabuhanga guhanga no kuzamura, yataye audi yamye yishimira umubiri wose wa aluminium, aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ihanamye kugera kuri 58%, usibye umwirondoro wa, mubikoresho byumubiri wongeyeho ibikoresho byinshi, umubiri ni hafi kilo 51 biremereye kuruta moderi ya cash, ukoresheje cash A8 moderi ya 236 kg "uburemere butandukanye na 282 kg.

Igisekuru gishya cya audi A8 gikoresha aluminiyumu kugirango yubake urwego rusange rwumubiri. Kugirango umenye imbaraga zubaka, ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu bikoreshwa mubice byingenzi kandi ibice byicyuma bikoreshwa hejuru yumubiri.Mu miterere ya cage ya cabine yumubiri, umubare munini wubushyuhe bukora imbaraga zikomeye cyane zivanze nicyuma, kirenze kure icyubu A8 ibyuma bikomeye cyane mugukoresha inkingi ya B, ibikoresho byibyuma bikomeye kandi hashize imyaka 20 ugereranije nicyuma, gukomera byiyongereyeho inshuro 5, uburemere bwagabanutseho 40% .Imisemburo ya magnesium yongewe kumiterere yumubiri, na fibre ya CFRP ibikoresho bikomatanya bikoreshwa inyuma yimodoka, bigabanya uburemere bwumubiri uhereye kumakuru yinyuma.

Ati: “Mu bihe biri imbere, aluminiyumu izakoreshwa cyane mu mubiri wose w'imodoka, kandi hazaba imibiri myinshi ivanze. Kurugero, umubiri wa Audi A8 aluminium nayo itangira gukora imibiri ivanze, kandi ubu amasosiyete menshi yimodoka yo murugo arikurikiza.Ikibazo nyamukuru kijyanye nicyuma na aluminiyumu ni ukurwanya ruswa, hamwe no gufatana, hamwe, nta gusudira. Umubiri wo hejuru urakorwa y'ibyuma n'umubiri wo hasi bikozwe muri aluminium.Urugero, idirishya ryamadirishya yimodoka ya Beijing ikozwe mubyuma hejuru na aluminiyumu hepfo. Ntabwo ibyuma ari bibi, ariko ndatekereza ko ari byiza cyane kuvanga ibyuma na aluminium. ”Zhang haitao ati.

Ni muri urwo rwego, wang li yanagaragaje ko mu byukuri, nko mu myaka ya za 40 igihe habaye amarushanwa y’ibyuma na aluminiyumu, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yiterambere, ubu ibikoresho by’imodoka bimaze kumvikana, ni ibikoresho byiza bikoreshwa ahantu heza. .Kandi ibyuma ubwabyo biratera imbere byihuse, hamwe no guhatana ndetse nubufatanye.Kandi iri rushanwa rifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere imishinga yimodoka, kuko kubaho kwinganda zikora amamodoka birashobora guhitamo byinshi. Urebye ejo hazaza, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bishobora kugira byinshi ibisabwa kugirango byorohe.

Ingamba za "marike yigenga igomba kuba yoroheje, ibyuma byiza hamwe nubushobozi bwayo biracyari bito, hifashishijwe imishinga ihuriweho hamwe nigipimo cyibyuma bikomeye kandi biroroshye cyane kugera kuri 10% yo kugabanya ibiro byumubiri wera, binyuze muri imbaraga zindi modoka zigabanuka 7% 8% birashoboka, indangamuntuku kigereranyo cya tekinoloji yateye imbere irashobora kugera ku mubiri idahindutse hejuru ya 10%. " iracyari nziza. Ikinyuranyo nicyo gitera imbaraga