Ana walda motocin jirgin ƙasa masu sauri ta amfani da kayan aluminium. Wasu layukan jirgin ƙasa masu sauri suna wucewa ta yankuna masu sanyi tare da yanayin zafi ƙasa da ƙasa 30 zuwa 40 digiri Celsius. Wasu kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da kayan rayuwa akan tasoshin bincike na Antarctic an yi su ne daga kayan aluminium kuma suna buƙatar jure yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 60 zuwa 70 ma'aunin Celsius. Jiragen dakon kaya na kasar Sin da ke tafiya daga tekun Arctic zuwa Turai su ma suna amfani da wasu na'urori da aka kera daga kayan aluminium, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna fuskantar yanayin zafi da bai kai digiri 50 zuwa 60 ba. Za su iya yin aiki akai-akai a cikin irin wannan matsanancin sanyi? Babu matsala, aluminum gami da aluminum kayan ba su ji tsoron matsananciyar sanyi ko zafi.

Aluminum da aluminum gami sune kyawawan kayan ƙarancin zafin jiki. Ba sa nuna ƙarancin zafin jiki kamar ƙarfe na yau da kullun ko abubuwan haɗin nickel, waɗanda ke nuna raguwar ƙarfi da ƙarfi a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Duk da haka, aluminum da aluminum gami sun bambanta. Ba sa nuna alamar ƙarancin zafin jiki. Duk kaddarorin su na injiniya suna ƙaruwa sosai yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu. Wannan ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga abubuwan da ke tattare da su, ko simintin alluminium alloy ko na'urar alloy na aluminium, foda na karafa, ko kayan hade. Hakanan ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga yanayin kayan, ko yana cikin yanayin da aka sarrafa shi ko bayan maganin zafi. Ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin shirye-shiryen ingot, ko ana samar da shi ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare da birgima ko ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare da mirgina. Hakanan ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin hakar aluminum, gami da electrolysis, rage zafin carbon, da hakar sinadarai. Wannan ya shafi duk matakan tsabta, daga tsarin aluminum tare da 99.50% zuwa 99.79% tsabta, aluminum mai tsabta tare da 99.80% zuwa 99.949% tsarki, super-tsarki aluminum tare da 99.950% zuwa 99.9959% tsarki, matsananci-tsarki aluminum tare da 99.99. zuwa 99.9990% tsafta, da ultra-high-tsarki aluminum tare da sama da 99.9990% tsarki. Abin sha'awa shine, wasu ƙananan ƙarfe guda biyu, magnesium da titanium, suma ba sa nuna ƙarancin zafin jiki.

Ana nuna kaddarorin injina na allunan aluminium da aka saba amfani da su don manyan motocin jirgin ƙasa masu sauri da alaƙar su da zafin jiki a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

Motocin jirgin kasa masu sauri suna amfani da kayan aluminium irin su Al-Mg jerin 5005 alloy faranti, 5052 alloy faranti, 5083 alloy faranti, da bayanan martaba; Al-Mg-Si jerin 6061 alloy faranti da bayanan martaba, 6N01 alloy profiles, 6063 alloy profiles; Al-Zn-Mg jerin 7N01 alloy faranti da bayanan martaba, 7003 alloy profiles. Sun zo a daidaitattun jihohi: O, H14, H18, H112, T4, T5, T6.

Daga bayanan da ke cikin tebur, ya bayyana cewa kayan aikin injiniya na aluminum gami suna ƙaruwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu. Sabili da haka, aluminum shine kyakkyawan kayan tsari mai ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda ya dace da amfani a cikin roka mai ƙarancin zafin jiki (ruwa hydrogen, ruwa oxygen) tankuna, jigilar iskar gas mai ruwa (LNG) jiragen ruwa da tankunan bakin teku, kwantena samfuran sinadarai masu ƙarancin zafin jiki, ajiyar sanyi. , manyan motoci masu sanyi, da sauransu.

Abubuwan da aka tsara na jiragen kasa masu sauri da ke gudana a duniya, gami da karusai da kayan aikin motsa jiki, duk ana iya kera su ta amfani da allunan aluminium da ake da su. Babu buƙatar yin bincike game da sabon gawa na aluminium don tsarin karusar da ke aiki a yankuna masu sanyi. Koyaya, idan sabon allo na 6XXX tare da aikin kusan 10% sama da 6061 gami ko alloy 7XXX tare da aikin gabaɗaya kusan 8% sama da 7N01 gami za a iya haɓaka, hakan zai zama babban nasara.

Na gaba, bari mu tattauna da ci gaban trends na karusa aluminum gami.

A cikin kurAna amfani da masana'antar haya da kula da motocin dogo, faranti irin su 5052, 5083, 5454, da 6061, tare da bayanan martaba kamar 5083, 6061, da 7N01. Ana kuma amfani da wasu sabbin allunan kamar 5059, 5383, da 6082. Dukansu suna nuna kyakkyawan walƙiya, tare da wayoyi na walda yawanci kasancewa 5356 ko 5556 gami. Tabbas, gogayya motsa walda (FSW) ita ce hanyar da aka fi so, saboda ba wai kawai yana tabbatar da ingancin walda ba kawai amma kuma yana kawar da buƙatar wayoyi na walda. Garin 7N01 na Japan, tare da abun da ke ciki na Mn 0.200.7%, mg 1.02.0%, da Zn 4.0 ~ 5.0% (duk a cikin%), sun sami amfani da yawa a cikin kera motocin dogo. Jamus ta yi amfani da faranti na allo 5005 don samar da bangon gefe don manyan karusai masu sauri na Trans Rapid kuma sun yi amfani da 6061, 6063, da 6005 gami da extrusions don bayanan martaba. A taƙaice, har ya zuwa yanzu, Sin da sauran ƙasashe sun fi bin waɗannan allunan don kera jiragen ƙasa masu sauri.

Aluminum Alloys don Karusai a 200km/h ~ 350km/h

Za mu iya rarrabuwa karusa aluminum gami dangane da gudun aiki na jiragen kasa. Ana amfani da allunan ƙarni na farko don motocin da ke ƙasa da 200km / h kuma allunan na al'ada ne da farko da ake amfani da su don kera motocin dogo na birni, kamar 6063, 6061, da alloys 5083. Aluminum alloys na ƙarni na biyu kamar 6N01, 5005, 6005A, 7003, da 7005 ana amfani da su don kera motocin jiragen ƙasa masu saurin gudu tare da gudu daga 200km/h zuwa 350km/h. Alloys na ƙarni na uku sun haɗa da 6082 da allunan aluminium mai ɗauke da scandium.

Scandium-Dauke da Alloys Aluminum

Scandium yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci masu tace hatsi don aluminium kuma ana ɗaukarsa muhimmin abu don haɓaka kaddarorin gami na aluminum. Abubuwan da ke cikin Scandium yawanci ƙasa da 0.5% a cikin allunan aluminium, kuma allunan da ke ɗauke da scandium gabaɗaya ana kiran su da allunan-scandium alloys (Al-Sc alloys). Al-Sc alloys suna ba da fa'idodi kamar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ductility mai kyau, kyakkyawan walƙiya, da juriya na lalata. Ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban, ciki har da jiragen ruwa, motocin motsa jiki, reactors, da kayan tsaro, yana mai da su sabon ƙarni na kayan haɗin gwiwar aluminum wanda ya dace da tsarin motocin jirgin ƙasa.

Aluminum Kumfa

Manyan jiragen kasa masu sauri suna da nauyin nauyin axle masu nauyi, yawan hanzari da raguwa, da ayyuka masu yawa, waɗanda ke buƙatar tsarin jigilar kaya ya kasance mai nauyi kamar yadda zai yiwu yayin saduwa da ƙarfi, tsauri, aminci, da buƙatun ta'aziyya. A bayyane yake, kumfa mai tsananin haske na aluminium babban takamaiman ƙarfi, ƙayyadaddun modules, da manyan halayen damping sun daidaita da waɗannan buƙatun. Binciken kasashen waje da kimanta aikace-aikacen kumfa aluminium a cikin manyan jiragen kasa masu sauri sun nuna cewa bututun ƙarfe mai cike da kumfa na aluminum yana da ƙarfin 35% zuwa 40% mafi girma fiye da bututun da ba komai da kuma 40% zuwa 50% karuwa a ƙarfin sassauƙa. Wannan yana sa ginshiƙan karusai da ɓangarorin su zama masu ƙarfi da ƙarancin rugujewa. Yin amfani da kumfa aluminium don shayar da makamashi a cikin yankin maƙerin gaba na locomotive yana haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar tasiri. Sandwich da aka yi da kumfa mai kauri na aluminium mai kauri 10mm da zanen gadon aluminium na bakin ciki sun fi 50% haske fiye da farantin karfe na asali yayin da suke kara taurin kai da sau 8.